The Bernese Mountain Dog, often lovingly called the Berner, is one of the most gentle and affectionate large dog breeds in the world. Originating from the beautiful Swiss Alps, these dogs were originally bred to be working companions for farmers—hauling carts, herding cattle, and acting as loyal guardians of the land. With their stunning tri-color coat (black, white, and rust), expressive eyes, and calm nature, Berners quickly won the hearts of people around the globe.
What makes the Bernese Mountain Dog truly special is not just their majestic appearance but their calm, friendly personality. They are known for being exceptionally good with children, incredibly loyal to their families, and eager to please—making them ideal for both working roles and family life.
Why Is the Bernese Mountain Dog So Special?
The Bernese Mountain Dog, with its striking tricolor coat, large frame, and soulful eyes, is often called a gentle giant. Originating from the Swiss Alps, this breed has not only served as a loyal working dog but has also earned a place in many hearts and homes as a beloved family companion. But what truly makes the Bernese Mountain Dog so special?
History and Origins
The Bernese Mountain Dog, often admired for its striking tricolor coat and gentle nature, is more than just a beautiful companion — it carries a rich heritage rooted deep in the heart of Switzerland. This breed’s story begins in the Alpine farmlands of the Bern region, where these strong and dependable dogs were once essential partners for Swiss farmers.
Originating more than 2,000 years ago, the Bernese Mountain Dog is believed to descend from Roman mastiff-type dogs brought into Switzerland by invading Roman soldiers. These powerful canines were likely crossbred with local farm dogs, resulting in a strong, intelligent, and resilient breed well-suited for the cold mountain climate.
For centuries, Berners (as they’re affectionately called) helped Swiss farmers by pulling carts, herding cattle, and guarding property. Their versatility and calm demeanor made them indispensable in rural life. Despite their usefulness, their numbers dwindled dangerously low by the late 1800s, nearly pushing them to extinction.
However, thanks to the efforts of Swiss dog enthusiasts, particularly Professor Albert Heim, the breed was preserved and formally recognized. Heim played a key role in reviving the Bernese Mountain Dog and establishing breed standards, leading to its recognition by the Swiss Kennel Club in 1907 and later by international kennel clubs around the world.
Appearance
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Size | Large |
| Weight | Males: 38–50 kg, Females: 36–48 kg |
| Height | Males: 25-27.5 inches, Females: 23-26 inches |
| lifespan | 8–10 years |
| Coat Type | Thick, long double coat |
| Coat Colors | Black, rust, and white |
| Eyes | Dark brown, almond-shaped |
| Tail | Bushy and carried low |
The Bernese has a very majestic look, with soft eyes and expressive faces. Their long fur makes them look cuddly, but they are very strong under that fluff!
Bernese Mountain Dog Temperament
Bernese Mountain Dogs are one of the most loving and gentle dog breeds in the world. Known for their big hearts and calm personalities, these dogs are truly family companions. Whether you’re a first-time pet owner or an experienced dog lover, the temperament of a Bernese Mountain Dog will win your heart instantly.
These dogs are affectionate with their families, always eager to cuddle or stay close to their loved ones. They are great with children, making them an excellent choice for households with young kids. You’ll often find them being gentle playmates or calm guardians around the house. One of their most lovable traits is how friendly they are with strangers — their welcoming nature makes them poor guard dogs but excellent social companions.
What sets the Bernese Mountain Dog apart is their gentle and patient behavior. They rarely get aggressive or anxious, even in busy or noisy environments. While they are protective by instinct, especially towards their family, they are not naturally aggressive. Instead, they rely on their size and calm confidence to handle unfamiliar situations.
They are not suited for guard dog duties, but they alert their owners about anything unusual. Their calm nature makes them ideal for homes with kids or elderly people.
Daily Care Needs
Bernese Mountain Dogs are known for their striking tri-color coats, calm and gentle temperament, and devoted companionship. Originating from Switzerland, they were historically used as working dogs, especially on farms. Today, they are beloved family pets who thrive on human affection and a balanced lifestyle. These dogs are large, friendly, and protective—but not aggressive. To keep them healthy and happy, daily care is essential. Let’s explore their grooming, exercise, and nutrition needs in detail, keeping their calm nature in mind.
Grooming
Bernese Mountain Dogs have a thick double coat that sheds heavily, especially during seasonal changes. Regular grooming is a must:
- Brushing: Brush their coat at least 3 to 4 times a week. Daily brushing is ideal during shedding seasons (spring and fall). This helps prevent mats and tangles while controlling loose hair.
- Bathing: Bathe your Bernese every 6 to 8 weeks, or more often if they get dirty. Use dog-specific, gentle shampoos.
- Ears and Eyes: Clean their ears weekly to avoid wax build-up and check their eyes for any discharge or irritation.
- Nails and Teeth: Trim their nails regularly and brush their teeth 2–3 times a week to maintain overall hygiene.
Their grooming time can be a relaxing bonding session—take it slow and be gentle, as they are very sensitive to harsh treatment.
Exercise
Bernese Mountain Dogs are not hyperactive but do need regular exercise to stay fit:
- Walks: Two daily walks of about 30–45 minutes each are perfect. They love slow-paced, scenic walks.
- Playtime: A secure backyard is ideal for some off-leash play. Gentle games like fetch or tug can be enjoyed.
- Mental Stimulation: Puzzle toys, scent games, or obedience training sessions help keep their intelligent minds engaged.
Since they’re prone to joint issues like hip dysplasia, avoid over-exercising puppies. Use soft surfaces and prevent jumping from high places.
Diet and Nutrition
Feeding your Bernese Mountain Dog a balanced diet is crucial:
- Quality Dog Food: Choose high-protein, low-grain kibble or opt for a vet-approved home-cooked diet.
- Meal Size: Adult Berners usually eat 3–5 cups of dry food per day, split into two meals to avoid bloating (a common issue).
- Puppy Diet: Puppies need more frequent, smaller meals tailored for large breeds to support steady growth.
- Hydration: Fresh, clean water should always be available.
Monitor their weight closely. Berners love food, and their large size can hide weight gain, which can stress their joints and heart.
Diet and Nutrition
| Dog Age | Food Type | Feeding Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Puppy | High-protein puppy food | 3–4 times a day |
| Adult | Balanced dry/wet food | 2 times a day |
| Senior | Senior dog food (low-fat, high-fiber) | 2 times a day |
Make sure to feed high-quality food with:
- Protein (chicken, lamb, beef)
- Omega-3s (for coat health)
- Glucosamine (for joints)
Avoid overfeeding, as obesity can worsen joint issues in this large breed.
Training Tips for Bernese Mountain Dogs
Why Training Matters for Bernese Mountain Dogs
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a large, gentle, and affectionate breed known for its calm temperament and loyalty. Originally bred in Switzerland for farm work, these dogs are intelligent and eager to please, making them excellent companions. However, due to their size and strength, proper training from an early age is essential. Well-trained Bernese Mountain Dogs are more obedient, happier, and safer to have around both family and strangers.
Start Training Early
Bernese Mountain Dogs grow quickly, and early training lays the foundation for good behavior. Begin training when your puppy is around 8 weeks old. This early stage is perfect for introducing:
- Basic commands like “sit,” “stay,” and “come”
- House training
- Leash etiquette
- Positive social experiences
Use gentle methods and never punish harshly, as these dogs are sensitive and respond best to kindness and patience.
Use Positive Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is the most effective training method for Bernese Mountain Dogs. This includes:
- Treats
- Verbal praise (“Good boy!”)
- Petting and affection
- Playtime
Avoid negative punishment or yelling. These dogs can become fearful or stubborn if treated harshly. Instead, reward them immediately after they follow a command to build a strong association.
Be Consistent and Clear
Consistency is key to successful training. Always use the same command words and tone of voice. For example, if you use “down” to lie down, don’t switch between “lay” or “drop.” Clear communication helps the dog learn faster.
Keep a daily schedule and repeat the lessons frequently. Short sessions of 10–15 minutes, 2–3 times a day, are more effective than long, exhausting ones.
Focus on Socialization
Bernese Mountain Dogs are naturally friendly, but early socialization is still necessary. Expose your puppy to:
- New people of different ages
- Other dogs and animals
- Sounds like traffic, vacuum cleaners, etc.
- Different places (parks, markets, etc.)
Socialization prevents fear and aggression, helping your dog grow into a well-adjusted adult.
Teach Leash Manners
Because Bernese Mountain Dogs are large and powerful, leash training is very important. Begin with a short, lightweight leash during puppyhood and teach commands like:
- Heel
- Leave it
- Wait
Train them not to pull or lunge. Use treats to encourage walking calmly beside you. Always walk at a steady pace and stop if they pull. Reward when they walk nicely.
Crate Training for Comfort and Safety
Crate training helps with housebreaking and gives your dog a safe space. Choose a crate large enough for your dog to stand, turn, and lie down. Make it cozy with soft bedding and never use it as a punishment.
Introduce it gradually:
- Let the dog explore it with treats
- Feed meals inside the crate
- Close the door for short periods, increasing time slowly
This makes your Bernese Mountain Dog see the crate as a den, not a jail.
Address Common Behavioral Issues Early
Some Bernese Mountain Dogs may develop issues such as:
- Chewing (especially during teething)
- Jumping up on people
- Separation anxiety
- Excessive barking
Redirect chewing with appropriate toys. Teach the “off” command to stop jumping. Never reward attention-seeking barking. For separation anxiety, start by leaving them alone for short periods and gradually increase the duration.
Advanced Obedience and Mental Stimulation
Once basic training is solid, introduce advanced commands or activities like:
- Fetch and recall games
- Puzzle toys
- Agility training (though heavy, they enjoy low-impact agility)
- Herding or cart pulling
Bernese Mountain Dogs love having a job. These activities keep their mind active and prevent boredom-related behaviors.
Be Patient – These Dogs Mature Slowly
It’s important to understand that Bernese Mountain Dogs mature both physically and mentally at a slow pace. Even at 12–18 months, they may still behave like puppies. Patience and calm guidance are crucial. Don’t expect instant results—training is a long-term commitment.
Consider Professional Training Classes
If you’re a first-time dog owner or dealing with stubborn behavior, consider enrolling your Bernese Mountain Dog in a professional obedience class. Group classes also help with socialization. Choose a trainer who uses reward-based methods and understands large breeds.
Bernese Mountain Dog Health Issues
The Bernese Mountain Dog is one of the most affectionate and loyal breeds in the world. Known for their massive size, thick tri-colored coat, and friendly nature, these dogs are both loving family companions and hard workers. Originally bred in Switzerland for herding cattle and pulling carts, the Bernese is gentle, intelligent, and protective—but never aggressive. Their calm personality makes them perfect for families with children, other pets, and even first-time dog owners. However, like many large breeds, Bernese Mountain Dogs face a number of common health challenges that every owner should be aware of. Understanding these issues can help you provide a longer, healthier life for your beloved pet.
Hip and Elbow Dysplasiaa
One of the most common health problems in Bernese Mountain Dogs is hip and elbow dysplasia. These are genetic conditions where the joints do not form correctly, leading to pain, limping, and eventually arthritis. Signs may include stiffness, difficulty getting up, or a decreased desire to play or go on walks. Regular checkups and early screening through X-rays can help detect this condition early. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight and avoiding high-impact activities during puppyhood can reduce the risk.
Cancer: A Serious Concern
Sadly, Bernese Mountain Dogs have one of the highest rates of cancer among all dog breeds. The most common types include histiocytosis, lymphoma, and mast cell tumors. Histiocytic sarcoma is especially aggressive and unique to this breed. Signs to watch out for include lumps under the skin, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and changes in appetite or behavior. Regular vet visits and early detection can make a significant difference, though some forms of cancer progress rapidly.
Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus)
Like many deep-chested breeds, Bernese Mountain Dogs are at risk for bloat, a life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists. It can happen suddenly and requires emergency surgery. Symptoms include a swollen belly, restlessness, drooling, retching without vomiting, and signs of pain. To help prevent bloat, feed your dog smaller, more frequent meals, and avoid heavy exercise immediately before or after eating. Some vets may recommend a surgical procedure called gastropexy during spay/neuter surgery to reduce future risk.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
Progressive Retinal Atrophy is an inherited disease that leads to the gradual degeneration of the retina, causing progressive blindness. In the early stages, dogs may struggle to see at night. Eventually, even daylight vision becomes impaired. While PRA is not painful, it has no cure. However, dogs usually adapt well to vision loss when in a familiar environment. Responsible breeders often screen for PRA to reduce the chance of passing it on.
Heart Disease
Bernese Mountain Dogs may also suffer from certain types of heart disease, such as dilated cardiomyopathy. This condition causes the heart muscle to become weak and enlarged, making it less effective at pumping blood. Signs may include coughing, fainting, or breathing difficulties. Regular cardiac evaluations and monitoring can help with early diagnosis and treatment, including medication and dietary changes.
Allergies and Skin Conditions
Although not life-threatening, allergies and skin issues are relatively common in Bernese Mountain Dogs. These can be caused by food, environmental factors like pollen or dust, or parasites such as fleas. Symptoms include itching, redness, hair loss, and frequent licking or chewing of the paws. Treatment depends on the cause but may involve changes in diet, medication, or better grooming practices.
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Von Willebrand’s Disease is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in a specific protein needed for blood clotting. Affected dogs may experience nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or prolonged bleeding after surgery or injury. This inherited condition can be identified through blood tests, and while there is no cure, it can be managed with care and planning, especially during surgical procedures.
Hypothyroidism
This condition occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to weight gain, lethargy, skin problems, and a dull coat. It’s relatively common in Bernese Mountain Dogs and can be diagnosed with a blood test. Fortunately, hypothyroidism is treatable with daily medication and regular monitoring.
Short Lifespan: A Major Health Challenge
Perhaps the most heartbreaking issue for Bernese Mountain Dog owners is the breed’s short lifespan. Most Bernese live only 7 to 10 years, which is shorter than average for many other breeds. This is largely due to their predisposition to serious illnesses like cancer. However, with good genetics, proper care, and regular vet visits, some Bernese have been known to live up to 10 or 11 years.
Preventative Measures to Improve Quality of Life
While not all health issues can be avoided, there are several steps you can take to help your Bernese Mountain Dog live a longer, happier life:
- Choose a Reputable Breeder: Always select a breeder who tests for common genetic diseases and prioritizes health over appearance.
- Routine Vet Care: Annual exams, vaccinations, and dental checkups are essential.
- Proper Nutrition: Feed high-quality dog food tailored to large breeds.
- Exercise in Moderation: Keep them active, but avoid excessive jumping or long runs, especially when they’re young.
- Grooming: Their thick double coat requires regular brushing to avoid mats and skin infections.
- Early Training and Socialization: Mental stimulation reduces stress and anxiety, promoting overall wellness.
Grooming Needs
Bernese Mountain Dogs are large, affectionate, and gentle giants with thick, beautiful coats. Originally bred in Switzerland as working dogs, they are known for their friendly nature and loyalty. But with beauty comes responsibility—especially when it comes to grooming. If you’re considering bringing a Bernese Mountain Dog into your home or already have one, understanding their grooming needs is essential for keeping their coat healthy and their skin free of problems.
Coat Type and Why Grooming Matters
Bernese Mountain Dogs have a double coat. This includes a long, silky outer coat and a wooly undercoat. This double coat protects them from cold weather but also makes them prone to shedding and matting.
Regular grooming is crucial because:
- It helps remove loose hair.
- It prevents matting, especially behind the ears, on the chest, and under the legs.
- It distributes natural oils, giving their coat a healthy shine.
- It allows early detection of skin issues or parasites.
Brushing Routine
Frequency: 3 to 4 times per week (daily during shedding season)
You’ll need:
- A slicker brush
- An undercoat rake
- A wide-toothed comb
How to brush:
- Start with the undercoat rake to remove loose hairs from the inner layer.
- Use the slicker brush to smooth and detangle the outer coat.
- Be gentle but thorough, especially around sensitive areas like the legs and belly.
- Use a comb to finish and check for any knots or mats.
Pro Tip: Regular brushing can reduce shedding in the house and also make your bond with your dog stronger.
Bathing Needs
How Often: Every 2 to 3 months or as needed
Bathing your Bernese too often can dry out their skin. However, if your dog gets dirty or starts to smell, it’s time for a bath.
Bathing tips:
- Use a dog-specific mild shampoo.
- Rinse thoroughly to avoid leaving any residue that could irritate the skin.
- Make sure the coat is completely dry after a bath to prevent infections or chills.
Important: Due to their thick coat, drying may take a while. Use a towel first, then a pet dryer on a low setting if needed.
Nail Trimming
Frequency: Every 3 to 4 weeks
Nails that are too long can cause discomfort and even affect how your dog walks. If you hear a clicking sound when they walk on hard surfaces, it’s time for a trim.
How to trim safely:
- Use dog nail clippers or a grinder.
- Trim a little at a time to avoid cutting the quick (the blood vessel inside the nail).
- If unsure, ask a vet or professional groomer for guidance.
Ear Cleaning
Bernese Mountain Dogs have floppy ears, which means they are more prone to ear infections.
How to clean:
- Check ears weekly.
- Wipe the outer ear with a damp cotton ball.
- Use a vet-approved ear cleaning solution if needed.
- Avoid inserting anything deep into the ear canal.
Watch out for:
- Redness
- Bad odor
- Excessive wax
- Your dog scratching or shaking its head
These are signs of infection and need vet attention.
Dental Hygiene
Dental care is often overlooked but is crucial for overall health.
Tips for a clean mouth:
- Brush their teeth 2–3 times a week using dog toothpaste.
- Provide dental chews or toys.
- Regular vet check-ups for oral health.
Seasonal Shedding
Bernese Mountain Dogs are heavy shedders, especially in spring and fall when they “blow” their undercoat.
What to do:
- Brush daily during shedding season.
- Use de-shedding tools like the Furminator.
- Keep lint rollers and vacuum cleaners handy!
This will keep your home cleaner and your dog more comfortable.
Professional Grooming
While home grooming is important, professional grooming every few months can make a big difference.
Pros can:
- Thoroughly bathe and dry your dog.
- Clip nails safely.
- Clean ears professionally.
- Trim around the paws and sanitary areas.
It also gives you a break and your dog a chance to be pampered!
Ideal Living Environment
| Environment | Suitable? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Apartment | No | Too big, needs space to move |
| House with yard | Yes | Perfect for play and rest |
| Cold climates | Yes | Thick coat protects well |
| Hot climates | No | Prone to overheating |
Bernese Mountain Dogs are not suited for small apartments or warm tropical regions. A cool and spacious place is ideal.
Is the Bernese Mountain Dog Right for You?
Ideal for:
- Families with kids
- People with large homes or gardens
- Cold or moderate climates
- Owners who enjoy grooming and training
Not ideal for:
- Apartment living
- Hot climates
- Owners who travel a lot or are away often
Cost of Owning a Bernese Mountain Dog
| Expense Type | Estimated Cost (per month/year) |
|---|---|
| Puppy Price | ₹1,50,000 – ₹3,00,000 (India) / $800–$2500 (USA) |
| Food | ₹5,000/month ($60–$80) |
| Grooming | ₹1,500/month ($20–$30) |
| Vet Care | ₹10,000/year ($300–$500) |
| Training & Toys | ₹2,000/month ($30) |
Bernese Mountain Dog vs. Similar Breeds
| Breed | Bernese Mountain Dog | Newfoundland | Saint Bernard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size | Large | Large | Giant |
| Temperament | Calm, affectionate | Gentle, patient | Protective, kind |
| Shedding | Heavy | Moderate | Heavy |
| Training difficulty | Moderate | Easy | Moderate |
| Climate preference | Cold weather | Cold weather | Cold weather |
How to Find a Bernese Mountain Dog
- Adoption: Try rescue groups or shelters first. Search for local “Bernese rescue” centers.
- Reputable breeders: Choose breeders who:
- Provide health certificates
- Let you meet the puppy’s parents
- Offer a clean, well-maintained kennel
- Avoid puppy mills: Cheap prices can lead to lifelong health and behavior problems.
FAQs About Bernese Mountain Dogs
Q1. Are Bernese Mountain Dogs good for first-time owners?
Yes, if you’re ready for a large dog that needs grooming and training.
Do Bernese dogs bark a lot?
Not usually. They may bark to alert you, but they’re not noisy.
How long do Bernese Mountain Dogs live?
Usually 7 to 10 years.
Can Bernese Mountain Dogs live in hot places?
No, they struggle in heat. They prefer cool climates.
Are they easy to train?
Yes, with patience and rewards.
Conclusion
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a gentle, beautiful, and loyal companion. With their calm personality, intelligence, and affection, they make excellent family pets. While they need grooming and don’t live as long as smaller dogs, they bring years of love, joy, and unforgettable memories to any home they join.
If you have space, time, and love to offer, a Bernese Mountain Dog might just become your best friend for life.
